Including 542 Who Died due to Torture at the hands of Syrian Regime Forces
The report notes that SNHR has largely focused, since it was founded, on documenting victims who were killed at the hands of the parties to the conflict, and created a database for the victims’ names and their information such as sex, age, occupation, way of killing, the party that killed them, and the type of weapon used.
The report also sheds light on the various and different patterns of crimes and ways of killing that have been documented since the popular uprising for freedom started in March 2011, ranging from gunfire, air attacks, and death due to torture inside detention centers, to chemical and cluster attacks, landmines, as well as victims who died of hypothermia, starvation, or due to medication shortage, or drowning as they were fleeing.
The report includes the civilian death toll by the seven parties to the conflict in Syria. The report stresses that military victims weren’t included in light of the difficulties found in this type of documentation.
The report draws upon ongoing monitoring of news and developments, and on a wide network of relations with tens of various sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of pictures and videos.
The report stresses that many incidents that resulted in casualties might not constitute a violation of the international humanitarian law but involved collateral damages. Therefore, they are recorded and achieved in order to preserve historical accuracy without considering them as having qualified as crimes.
According to the report, the ruthless offensive launched by Russian-Syrian alliance forces in south Syria went on for its second month in July as it forced hundreds of thousands of civilian to displace to the Syrian-Jordanian borders, before they were forcibly displaced again to north Syria, as IDPs have been fleeing since July 15. On the other hand, military operations continued in the areas that aren’t under the Syrian regime’s control.
The report notes that the unprecedented rise in numbers of death due to torture continued for a second month in a row in July as families are still finding out about their beloved ones’ death through the Syrian regime civil registry offices whether when they are doing paperwork or through lists containing names of forcibly-disappeared persons who died due to torture which were publicized by those offices even though the lists don’t reveal the cause or place of death.
The report adds that deaths by landmines and assassinations continued in July, mostly in Aleppo and Idlib governorates.
Moreover, the report says that Daraa governorate recorded the highest civilian death toll in July with 177 civilians killed, followed by Homs governorate with 139 and Damascus suburbs governorate with 128.
The report records that 5,645 civilians have been killed since the start of 2018, including 4,144 killed by Syrian-Russian alliance forces.
In July, the report adds, 886 civilians were killed. Of those, Syrian regime forces killed 684, including 27 children (to an average of one child per day) and 32 women (adult female). Also, among the victims killed by Syrian regime forces were 542 who died due to torture. Forces believed to be Russian killed six civilians, including five.
On the other hand, the report says that 87 civilians were killed by extremist Islamic groups, including 17 children and 16 women, divided into 85 civilians killed by ISIS, including 17 children and 16 women, and two civilians, killed by Hay’at Tahrir al Sham. Additionally, the report records that nine civilians were killed by factions from the armed opposition, including one child and four who died due to torture. The report adds that 11 civilians were killed by Self-Management forces, including three children.
Lastly, the report records that 10 civilians, including two children and one woman, were killed in air attacks by international coalition forces in July while 79 civilians were killed by other parties, including 19 children, five women, and one civilian who died due to torture.
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces violated the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. 90% of the wide and individual attacks, the report adds, were directed against civilians and civilian objects, which discredits the Syrian government’s and the Russian regime’s claims that they are fighting “Al Qaeda and terrorists”.
The report also notes that all other parties have committed crimes of extrajudicial killing which constitutes a war crime.
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps resolution 2139 has been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
The report calls on the Syrian regime to Stop treating the Syrian state as a private family property, cease the terrorization of the Syrian people through killing using all means (bombing, siege, torture, displacement…), shoulder the legal and material repercussions, and compensate victims and their families from the Syrian state’s resources.
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, make the findings of these investigation public to the Syrian people, and hold all those who were involved accountable. Also, compensate all victims’ families, who were killed by the current Russian regime, as well as all the wounded.
Moreover, the report calls on the international coalition forces to unequivocally and truly acknowledge that some of the bombardment operations have resulted in the killing of innocent civilians, demanding that the international coalition launch serious investigations, and immediately compensate and apologize to the victims and those who were affected.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.